Europa nos insta a subir la edad de jubilación y limitar el gasto sanitario.

Los Gobiernos de la Unión tendrán que reducir el déficit público retrasando la edad de jubilación y limitando el gasto en atención sanitaria. Así aparece en un documento interno que han discutido los ministros de Finanzas de la UE (Ecofin), reunidos en Gotemburgo (Suecia) este 1 y 2 de Octubre, y presentado por la Comisión Europea (CE) para medir las consecuencias de la crisis económica, según el diario europeo European Voice.  

A nivel nacional, algunos Estados ya se han puesto manos a la obra. Holanda, que está a punto de aprobar en el parlamento la subida de la edad de jubilación a los 67 años, considera que una medida de este tipo requiere un cambio sustancial de mentalidad en estos tiempos más proclives al despido laboral. De momento, el Ecofin que debatía ayer la posible retirada de los paquetes de estímulo introducidos para combatir la crisis económica, ha concluido -por falta de acuerdo- congelar la cuestión de la reducción del déficit hasta noviembre. Así, los ministros de Finanzas han preferido esperar a que se hagan públicas el próximo 3 de noviembre, las previsiones económicas de otoño que presentará la CE. 

El documento que ha discutido el Ecofin, basado en una proyección al 2020, menciona los casos sangrantes de Irlanda, Reino Unido y Letonia. En el informe hecho público por la CE el pasado mes de julio, “La crisis económica en Europa: causas, consecuencias y respuestas”, recoge que España, junto a los países anteriormente mencionados, son en los que se espera que el déficit aumente hasta los dos dígitos entre este año y el próximo. Este informe también menciona que estos periodos de aumento de la deuda suelen coincidir con el envejecimiento del gasto público, lo que afecta a las pensiones y al sistema sanitario. 

La CE ya hizo referencia el pasado mes de abril a las mismas medidas cuando publicó el Informe sobre el impacto del envejecimiento de la población sobre la economía de la Unión, poco después de que se desatase en España el debate sobre las pensiones. Bruselas estimaba entonces que España figura en el rango de países que salen peor parados al estudiar la evolución de sus finanzas públicas e insta a que tome medidas. Por tanto, se aconsejó la reforma del sistema sanitario y de pensiones, o el incremento de los ingresos. 

Evaluación sobre la corrección del déficit español 

A partir de finales de octubre, acaba el plazo que dio Bruselas a España para adoptar las primeras medidas limitadoras del déficit, como parte del procedimiento sancionador comunitario por pasar el techo del 3% que establece el Pacto de Estabilidad. Una de las medidas que la CE examinará dentro de este paquete presupuestario será la subida de impuestos aprobada recientemente por el Gobierno. 

Según la normativa comunitaria España debe comenzar con la corrección del déficit en 2010, siempre y cuando la situación económica muestre signos de recuperación, de lo contrario, Bruselas propondrá nuevas medias y continuará por la senda del proceso sancionador

España registró en agosto un déficit de 60.340 millones de euros, cifra que revela que el déficit público se cuadriplicó en el último año. En términos porcentuales, el Estado español acumula un desequilibrio financiero del 5,7% del PIB. Por si fuera poco, las previsiones económicas apuntan que el déficit podría rozar el 10% del PIB para finales de año. 

Toca regular los impuestos medioambientales 

El desarrollo de la fiscalidad medioambiental es uno de los asuntos que también han discutido los ministros de Finanzas de la UE en la segunda jornada de la reunión informal celebrada en Gotemburgo (Suecia). 

La vicepresidenta segunda del Gobierno español y ministra de Economía y Hacienda, Elena Salgado, ha abogado por que la introducción de nuevos impuestos «verdes» se aplique, en su caso, de manera armonizada a nivel europeo. 

En declaraciones a los periodistas a su llegada a la reunión, Salgado explicó que los Veintisiete debatirán las experiencias de algunos países, como Suecia, donde ya existen ese tipo de gravámenes, o el proyecto francés para introducir una nueva tasa que gravará los productos y servicios por las emisiones contaminantes. 

Preguntada por los planes de España a este respecto, la vicepresidenta se mostró partidaria de esperar a los resultados de la cumbre de la ONU sobre cambio climático que tendrá lugar en diciembre, y en la que la comunidad internacional negociará un nuevo acuerdo de reducción de emisiones, así como métodos para financiar ese recorte. También señaló que «sería razonable» que las medidas que se adopten sean armonizadas a nivel europeo.

 

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